Ashari meaning

Malaysian Islamic founder of the Al-Arqam movement

In this Malay name, there is no surname or family name. The name Muhammad is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by their given name, Ashaari.

HajiAshaari Muhammad (30 October – 13 May ^[1]) was the founder-leader of the Malaysian Islamic group Al-Arqam, which gained prominence in the s and early s.

On 21 October , the Malaysian federal government banned Al-Arqam, citing concerns over its teachings and activities. Ashaari, along with other members of the group, was arrested in Thailand and subsequently returned to Malaysia, where he was detained under the Internal Security Act (ISA). He remained in detention from until During this period, Ashaari publicly renounced his views, and the legal process did not include a formal defence against the charges.

Ashaari was referred to as Abuya (Arabic for "father") by his followers.

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He was recognized for his distinctive appearance, which included wearing a turban, green Al-Arqam robes, and kohl-lined eyes.

Early life

Ashaari Muhammad was born on 30 October in Kampung Pilin, Rembau, Negeri Sembilan, in what was then the Federated Malay States (now Malaysia). His parents practised a tariqa founded by Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdullah as-Suhaimi, and from a young age, Ashaari developed an interest in Islamic practices.

By age 13, he was initiated into the tariqa by his uncle, Lebai Ibrahim, a religious teacher. In , Ashaari began attending Maahad Hishamuddin, a religious school in Klang, Selangor, while living with his father, Muhammad bin Idris, an English-educated customs officer, and his stepmother.

Spiritual career

Career with Al-Arqam

In , after working as a government religious teacher, Ashaari initiated a low-profile halaqah (study group circle) in Kampung Datuk Keramat, a Malay suburb of Kuala Lumpur.^[2] This study group laid the foundation for what would eventually become the Islamic group Al-Arqam, which gained prominence in the s.

Under Ashaari's leadership, the group promoted Islamic values of spirituality, self-reliance, and communal living.^[3] His futuristic vision, based on interpretations of Islamic texts, predicted that Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia, would play a central role in the resurgence of Islamic civilization.^[3]

Economic and social influence

Under Ashaari's leadership, Al-Arqam developed into a significant socio-economic movement.

The group established various businesses, educational institutions, and communal living arrangements aimed at promoting self-sufficiency among its members. These initiatives reportedly generated income and provided employment for the group.

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The establishment of these enterprises was part of Al-Arqam's broader goal of building a self-reliant Islamic community, guided by its interpretation of Islamic teachings.^[3]

By the s, Al-Arqam had built 44 communes throughout Malaysia and Southeast Asia. These economic ventures provided jobs and self-reliance for its members, further attracting followers.^[4] Al-Arqam's emphasis on economic independence set it apart from other Islamic movements of the time but also raised concerns within the Malaysian government about the group's potential to destabilize the socio-political order.^[3]

Teachings and practices

Ashaari's teachings were grounded in Islamic principles but included elements that were considered controversial by religious authorities.

Central to his teachings was the Aurad Muhammadiyah, a set of prayers and spiritual practices central to Al-Arqam’s religious routine. These practices emphasized spiritual purification and collective worship and were strictly followed by the group’s members.^[4]

Ashaari was associated with beliefs connected to the Bani Tamim, a prophesied group in Islamic eschatology.

Some of Ashaari’s followers believed he was the leader prophesied to be connected to this group. Additionally, Ashaari taught that Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah al-Suhaimi, the founder of the Aurad Muhammadiyah, would return as the Mahdi, a prophesied figure in Islam. These teachings contributed to the messianic expectations within Al-Arqam.^[3]

Additionally, Ashaari's vision for Islamic resurgence extended beyond religious practices to include socio-political and economic dimensions.

He promoted a belief in the role of Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia, as central to an Islamic revival. Ashaari believed that the revival would be led by Malay-Muslims, whom he saw as uniquely positioned due to their blend of Arab and Malay heritage.^[5]

Personal life

Ashaari was married five times and had 37 children.

His first marriage, to Hasnah binti Haji Salim, occurred in and ended in divorce in He married Tengku Noriah Tengku Abdullah in , followed by Rokiah Mohd Radhi and Khadijah Aam in Rokiah passed away in , and Ashaari married Noraziah Ibrahim in His practice of polygamy was by Islamic marital laws, and his family life became a notable aspect of his public persona.

Death and legacy

Ashaari Muhammad died on 13 May at the Ipoh Specialist Hospital at the age of ^[6] After his death, aspects of Ashaari’s teachings, particularly the Aurad Muhammadiyah, continued to be practised by splinter groups and loyal followers.^[5] His family, particularly his wife Khadijah Aam, continued to publish works promoting his legacy.

Ashaari’s ideas, especially those focused on economic self-sufficiency, spiritual discipline, and communal living, left a lasting impact on some segments of the Malaysian Islamic community. While his teachings were controversial and led to the disbandment of Al-Arqam, they continued to influence discussions on alternative models of Islamic living in Malaysia.^[5] Some of his works and teachings were banned by Malaysian authorities on religious grounds, as they were viewed as deviating from orthodox Islamic doctrine.

The government cited claims made in these works, including assertions of Ashaari's supernatural powers and his ability to communicate with the Prophet Muhammad (through yaqazah), as justification for their prohibition.^[7]

Bibliography

Authored works

Ashaari Muhammad was a prolific author who produced numerous works on Islamic teachings, spirituality, and socio-political issues.

His writings were central to the Al-Arqam movement and addressed various aspects of personal and communal life in Islam. Some of his notable works include:

• Inilah Jalan Kita (in Malay).
• Ibadah Menurut Islam (in Malay). ISBN&#;.
• Iman Dan Persoalannya (in Malay).

• Matlamat Perjuangan Menurut Islam (in Malay).
• Mengenal Diri Melalui Rasa Hati (in Malay).
• Aurad Muhammadiyah Pegangan Darul Arqam (in Malay).
• Siapakah Mujaddid Kurun 15 (in Malay).
• Krisis Dan Jalan Penyelesaiannya (in Malay).

• Bahaya Syiah (in Malay).
• Inilah Pandanganku (in Malay).
• Berhati-hati Membuat Tuduhan (in Malay).
• Kenapa Salahkan Musuh (in Malay).
• Manisnya Madu (in Malay).
  Ashaari muhammad biography bible verse Toggle the table of contents. Islamicate Intellectual History. He persuades the entire family of the individual concerned to improve themselves until they become a family which practises the Islamic way of life. Read Edit View history.

• Inilah Sikap Kita (in Malay).
• Renungan Untuk Mengubah Sikap (in Malay).
• Pendidikan Rasulullah (in Malay).
• Pembangun Jiwa dan Fikiran Ummah (in Malay).
• Langkah-langkah Perjuangan (in Malay).

• Manusia Tidak Memiliki Dan Tidak Dimiliki (in Malay).
  Ashaari muhammad biography bible verse today His congregation is markedly different from the others. Regarding Qaadee Abu Bakr al-Baqillani 9. Safi al-Din al-Hindi d. Influenced All Ash'aris.

• Aqidah Mukmin Siri 1 (in Malay).
• Aqidah Mukmin Siri 2 (in Malay).
• Perang Teluk Islam Akan Kembali Gemilang (in Malay).
• Konsep Kesederhanaan Menurut Pandangan Islam (in Malay).
• Ulama Menurut Pandangan Islam (in Malay).

• Falsafah Perlaksanaan Hukum Hudud Dalam Masyarakat.
• Falsafah Kemiskinan Dan Jalan Penyelesaiannya Menurut Islam.
• The West on The Brink of Death.
• Presiden Soeharto Ikut Jadual Allah. ISBN&#;.
• Barat di Ambang Maut (in Malay).

• Keadilan Menurut Islam (in Malay).
• Meninjau Sistem Pemerintahan Islam (in Malay).
• Aqidah Mukmin Siri 3 (in Malay).
• Kasih Sayang Kunci Perpaduan Sejagat (in Malay).
• Jihad Bukan Membunuh Tapi Membangun Peradaban (in Malay).

• Buah Fikiran Siri 1. ISBN&#;.
• Buah Fikiran Siri 2. ISBN&#;.
• Nasihat Buatmu Bekas Kawan-kawan Lamaku Dalam Arqam. ISBN&#;.
• Kumpulan Sajak Tauhid.
• Kumpulan Sajak Siri 2 Tasawuf.
• Kumpulan Sajak Perjuangan Dan Umum.

• Bisikan Hati: Koleksi Madah Hatiku.
• Tsunami Pembawa Mesej Dari Tuhan.
• Pendidikan Rapat Dengan Rohaniah Manusia. ISBN&#;.
• Koleksi Sajak Sembahyang Melahirkan Rasa Kehambaan Dan Membina Jati Diri.
• Politik Islam Membawa Kasih Sayang.

  ISBN&#;.

• Islamic Politics: Politics of Love And Fraternity.
• Keluarga Bahagia (in Malay).
• Modul Poligami Indah Dari Tuhan (in Malay).

Secondary literature

In addition to Ashaari’s writings, several works have been published that examine his life, teachings, and the impact of Al-Arqam.

These secondary sources provide critical insights into his role in Malaysian Islamic discourse.

Ashaari muhammad biography bible verse youtube Archives View more. Newer Post Older Post Home. Series View More Such was how God introduced Abuya Ashaari Muhammad to the world on his day of birth.

Key titles include:

• Wan Seng, Ann (). Al-Arqam di Sebalik Tabir (in Malay). UM Press. ISBN&#;.
• Aam, Khadijah (). Abuya Ashaari Muhammad: Pemimpin Paling Ajaib di Zamannya (in Malay). Rawang, Selangor: Penerbitan Minda Ikhwan. ISBN&#;.
• Ya'cub, A. Tasman (). Dakwah Islam Dalam Perpektif Ashaari Muhammad (in Malay).
• Haji Ashaari, Nizamuddin Mohd; Ahmad, Laila ().

  Abuya Hj Ashaari Muhammad Adalah Putera Bani Tamim (in Malay). Kuala Lumpur: Perniagaan Mata Angin.

• Aam, Hatijah (). Tsunami Membuktikan Abuya Putra Bani Tamim (Satria Peringit) (in Malay). Jakarta: Giliran Timur Books.

See also

References

External links