Baquaqua biography of mahatma
Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua
Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua[1] was a former slave, native of Zooggoo, West Africa, a tributary kingdom of Bergoo kingdom.
Baquaqua biography of mahatma gandhi I made my best bow to her, and was soon installed into my new office, that of scouring the brass work about the ship, cleaning the knives and forks, and doing other little matters necessary to be done about the cabin. One night during the voyage, it blew a perfect hurricane the whole night, and just previous to day-break, the lamps in the binnacle went out with the heavy rolling of the ship. Some were thrown overboard before breath was out of their bodies; when it was thought any would not live, they were got rid of in that way. Puerto Rico — Venezuela Osifekunde c.He worked in Brazil as a captive; however, he escaped and fled to New York in , assuring his freedom. He was literate in Arabic at the time of his capture, and recited a prayer in Arabic before an audience at New York Central College, where he studied from to [2] He wrote an autobiography (slave narrative), published by American abolitionistSamuel Downing Moore in His report is the only known document about the slave trade written by a former Brazilian slave.[3]
Early life
Baquaqua was born in Djougou (currently in Benin) between and in a prominent Muslim trader family.
He learned the Quran, literature and mathematics in an Islamic school. Still as an adolescent, he and his brother took part in the succession wars in Daboya, where he was captured and then rescued.
Enslavement
Returning to Djougou, he became the servant of a local dignitary, perhaps the chief of Soubroukou, whom he called 'king'.
The abuses he committed in that period made him target of an ambush in which he was imprisoned and transported to Dahomey; he was embarked into a slave ship in and taken to Pernambuco in Brazil.
Baquaqua was a slave in Olinda, Pernambuco for around two years. His master was a baker. He worked in the construction of houses, carrying stones, learned Portuguese, and performed as an "escravo de tabuleiro" (peddling slave). The cruelty of his Brazilian masters made him resort to alcoholism and attempt suicide.
Taken to Rio de Janeiro, Baquaqua was incorporated with the crew of the trade ship Lembrança ("A Memory"), transporting goods to the southern provinces of Brazil.
In , a coffee shipment to the United States was his passport to freedom.
Biography of mahatma gandhi Waydochinega, sixty-nine. She always went to sea with the captain. Whilst rowing my master, my head swam very much from the effects of the liquor I had drank, and consequently did not pull very steadily, when my master seeing the plight I was in asked me what was the matter, I said "nothing sir;" he said again, "have you been drinking? When finding it was only out of caprice and there being no spot to clean.The ship arrived in New York Harbor in June, where it was approached by local abolitionists, who encouraged him to escape from the ship. After the escape, however, he was imprisoned in the local jail, and only the help of the abolitionists (who facilitated his escape from prison) prevented his return to the ship. He was then sent to Haiti, where he lived with the Reverend W.
L. Judd, a Baptist missionary.
Converted to Christianity and baptized in , Baquaqua returned to the US due to the political instability in Haiti. He studied at the New York Central College in upstate New York for almost three years. In , he moved to Canada; his autobiography was published the same year in Detroit by Samuel Downing Moore.
It is not known what happened to Baquaqua after He was then in England and had turned to the American Baptist Free Mission Society to be sent as a missionary to Africa.[4]
References
Further reading
- AUSTIN, Allan D. African Muslims in antebellum America: transatlantic stories and spiritual struggles.Baquaqua biography of mahatma We shall now proceed at once to the more important portion of the work, describing the early history, life, trials, sufferings and conversion of Mahommah to christianity; his arrival in America; his journey to, and sojourn in Hayti, and return to this country again; his views, objects and aims. After this, they are conducted to the house of the bridegroom. In times of war, these gates are strongly guarded, hence the necessity of having chosen men of known valor and courage to keep them. This system of slavery causes much bloodshed and consequent misery.
New York: Routledge,
- Baquaqua, Mahommah Gardo (). Law, Robin; Lovejoy, Paul E. (eds.). The biography of Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua. His passage from slavery to freedom in Africa and America. Princeton, New Jersey: Markus Wiener Publishers. ISBN&#;.
- ELBERT, Sarah. Introduction to American Prejudice Against Color.Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua Their mode of worship is something after the following style:. All I Page 42 knew was, that I was a slave, chained by the neck, and that I must readily and willingly submit, come what would, which I considered was as much as I had any right to know. The abuses he committed in that period made him target of an ambush in which he was imprisoned and transported to Dahomey ; he was embarked into a slave ship in and taken to Pernambuco in Brazil. Awarrankachineake, twenty-eight.
York: Maple Press,
- FOSS e MATHEWS. Facts for Baptist Churches. Atica, NY,
- LOVEJOY, Paul E. Identidade e a miragem da etnicidade: a jornada de Mahhomah Gardo Baquaqua para as Américas. Afro-Asia, n.
- Slavery and Remembrance
- Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua. Biography of Mahommah G. Baquaqua, a ...
- KRUEGER, Robert. Biografia e narrativa do ex-escravo Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, [] [Tradução portuguesa do original.]
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