Cybernetics books
Norbert Wiener
| American scientist, outstanding mathematician and philosopher, Date of Birth: Country: USA |
Biography of Norbert Wiener
Norbert Wiener, an American scientist, renowned mathematician and philosopher, was born on November 26, , in Columbia, Missouri, to a Jewish family.
His father, Leo Wiener, originally from Bialystok, which was part of Russia at the time, studied in Germany before moving to the United States. Leo Wiener became a philologist and headed the Slavic languages and literature department at Harvard University in Cambridge.
Wiener’s interest in mathematics began at a young age. He learned to read at the age of four and by six was already reading the works of Charles Darwin and Dante Alighieri.
Wiener excelled academically but also faced challenges due to his nearsightedness and innate clumsiness. Despite these obstacles, he graduated from high school at the age of eleven and went on to attend Tufts College. At the age of fourteen, he obtained a bachelor's degree in arts and later pursued studies at Harvard University and Cornell University, where he received a master's degree in arts and a doctorate in philosophy, specializing in mathematical logic, by the age of eighteen.
During his time at Harvard, Wiener attended lectures by the English philosopher, logician, mathematician, and social critic Bertrand Russell and participated in his seminar.
He also attended recommended lectures by mathematician Godfrey Harold Hardy.
Definition kybernetik norbert wiener biography wikipedia Koshland Jr. Bernstein Melvin Calvin Rudolph A. His ideas became influential in India , whose government he advised during the s. After the war, Wiener began to develop a general theory of control and communication that would apply across both machines and living systems.Wiener realized the importance of deep knowledge in mathematics when studying the philosophy of mathematics.
Before World War I, Wiener moved to Göttingen, Germany, to study under mathematicians Edmund Landau and David Hilbert. However, with the outbreak of the war, he returned to the United States. He briefly taught mathematics at Columbia University and then worked for General Electric and the American Encyclopedia in Albany.
Wiener also participated in the development of artillery firing tables at a military training ground, where he was even enlisted but soon discharged due to his nearsightedness. He then worked as a freelance writer and published two papers on algebra, which earned him a recommendation from Professor V.F. Osgood. As a result, Wiener obtained a position as an assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in , where he spent his entire career.
Wiener's research focused on mathematical analysis, probability theory, electric networks, and computational techniques.
It was during this time that he became interested in automatic calculations and the theory of feedback while conducting research on anti-aircraft defense during World War II. He formulated the fundamental principles of a new science called cybernetics, which studied the control, communication, and processing of information in technology, living organisms, and human society.
In , Wiener published his seminal work, "Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine," which established the foundations of cybernetics as a field of study.
Cybernetics combined mathematics, biology, sociology, and economics to understand the management and relationships in machines and living organisms.
Norbert wiener universidad Karle Norman Davidson Darleane C. Cybernetics had an electrifying effect, attracting interest from a wide range of scholars and birthing a vibrant new intellectual community almost overnight. Van Vleck Vladimir K. He returned to the United States in to take up an instructorship in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Wiener's ideas on feedback systems and self-regulating machines laid the groundwork for the development of computer science and robotics.
Wiener's contributions to mathematics and cybernetics earned him recognition and prestige. He received invitations to lecture and collaborate with international colleagues, including renowned mathematicians and scientists.
Wiener's research extended beyond academia, and he actively sought to apply his theories to real-world problems. During World War II, he worked on problems related to aircraft movement during anti-aircraft fire and contributed to the development of radar systems.
Wiener's career was not without struggles. He faced challenges in advancing through the academic ranks and encountered the difficulties of the Great Depression.
However, he remained committed to his scientific pursuits and mentoring gifted students.
Definition kybernetik norbert wiener biography images United States National Medal of Science laureates. In , Wiener's parents arranged his marriage to a German immigrant, Margaret Engemann; they had two daughters. ISBN ". Norbert Wiener passed away suddenly from a heart attack in March , at the age ofHis collaboration with Chinese mathematician Yuk-Wing Lee and Japanese mathematician Shikao Ikehara led to significant advancements in their respective research areas.
In his later years, Wiener's focus shifted towards the study of communication and information theory. He continued to contribute to the fields of mathematics, biology, and engineering, publishing numerous papers and books.
Wiener's work influenced a generation of scientists and laid the foundation for modern interdisciplinary fields such as artificial intelligence and systems theory.
Wiener passed away on March 18, , leaving behind a legacy as a pioneering mathematician, philosopher, and cybernetics pioneer. His contributions to science continue to shape our understanding of complex systems and the interplay between humans, machines, and society.